After years of research, rigorous pilot testing and a U.S. patent, the USEPA announced its findings that the DualSand technology from The McIlvaine Company, of Northbrook, Ill., is equivalent to membrane microfiltration for removing Giardia cysts and Cryptosporidium oocysts from treated wastewater discharged into New York City’s drinking water watersheds. Reports declared a 7-log removal of those pathogens.